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X-ray Microscopy
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  1. Why Soft X-ray Microscopy
  2. The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope
  3. X-ray Lenses: Fresnel Zone Plates
  4. Example: Biological Applications
  5. Example: Environmental Sciences and Cluster Analysis
  6. Soft X-ray Diffration and Holography
  7. Acknowledgements

Example: Biological Applications

Spectro-Microscopy names the technique of taking images over a series of photon energies around an element's absorption edge. From these images at and away from XANES (X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure) resonances, different bonding states of the element may be identified and localized.

"Stack": series of images over different energies The clusters in this analysis may identify different functional regions

One interest in biological applications is to map functional groups in cells or tissue. A question to answer is: How do different sample preparation protocols (e.g., air-dried, freeze-dried or frozen hydrated) influence the results?


Zhang et al., Journal of Structural Biology 116, 335-344 (1996)

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